Epicondylitis occurs when too much stress is placed on the muscles and tendons that connect to the medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle of the elbow. Colloquially, these conditions are called golfer’s elbow and tennis elbow, respectively. However, any activity that requires repetitive motion—such as playing racquetball, typing on a keyboard, lifting a small child, and driving a car—can cause inflammation in the extensor forearm muscle or flexor forearm muscles, leading to epicondylitis. While they are both overuse injuries and both cause substantial pain and tenderness, medial epicondylitis presents as pain in the inside of the elbow whereas lateral epicondylitis presents as pain in the outside of the elbow. The onset of pain in usually gradual, and worsens with use. Only a handful of epicondylitis cases affect both arms; most only affect one. Treatment involves resting, applying ice, stopping activities that irritate the the elbow; making changes to workplace, sport, or home ergonomics, and performing specific exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles without overloading the injured tendon. Physical therapy for epicondylitis may include therapeutic exercises that include passive wrist flexion, progressive wrist extension, and elbow manipulation. It also will provide education and activity modification to prevent recurrence. Most people fully recover within one year.