Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the study of the physical effects of the work environment on the human body to promote efficiency and prevent injury. One of the most important facets of ergonomics is posture, because poor posture can lead to a whole host of musculoskeletal conditions, disorders, and injuries. Almost two million US workers sustain a work-related musculoskeletal problem or injury every year. Individuals in jobs that require repetitive and forceful motions, overhead lifts, or uncomfortable work positions are at the most risk for sustaining an improper ergonomics-related injury. However, employees at any job as well as employers can benefit from correct ergonomic positioning. Physical ergonomics takes into consideration the anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical aspects of body positioning. For example, ergonomic recommendations for a desk job include keeping feet planted firmly on the floor, with knees at a 90 degree angle, and sitting in a chair that supports the lower back. It also is important to keep wrists straight while typing on a keyboard and prevent tilting the neck backward or forward to maintain view of the computer monitor. Many physical therapists and ergonomic specialists perform on-site workplace assessments to provide relevant and specific workplace modification recommendations. This can decrease the frequency of work-related injuries and increase productivity.