Vertigo is a sudden spinning sensation, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is an extremely common cause. Often, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo presents as short episodes of mild to intense dizziness that are brought about by changing head position (e.g., lying down, bending over, or sitting up).
Boutonnière deformity often occurs as a result of force applied to the dorsal (top) side of a bent finger’s middle joint. This injures the tendon and prevents the finger and fingertip from straightening. Immediate treatment is necessary to prevent permanent deformity and impaired functioning.
The brachial plexus nerves run from the spine to the neck and then to the shoulder and arm. Brachial neuritis occurs when these nerves become inflamed, causing sudden pain, which often begins at night. Although uncommon, brachial neuritis occurs more frequently in men than in women.
Also known as brachial neuritis and Parsonage-Turner Syndrome, brachial radiculitis is inflammation of the brachial plexus—a network of nerves that runs from the shoulder down the arm—which causes sudden-onset pain and subsequent weakness and numbness in the shoulder and arm.
A bunion is a bony lump that forms on the base joint of the big toe as a result of the big toe pushing against the toe next to it. This causes the joint to grow and stick out. It might also cause redness and soreness.
Small, fluid-filled sacs, called bursae, act as cushions to protect bones, tendons, and muscles near the joints. Sometimes, as a result of trauma, injury, or overuse, the bursae become inflamed, causing a painful condition known as bursitis. Bursitis most often occurs in the shoulder, hip, and elbow.
A bulging disc can occur in the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, or the lumbar spine regions when pressure causes a spinal disc—one of the soft cushions that sit between the bones of the spinal vertebrae—to protrude. This bulging disc can press against the spinal cord and nerves, causing pain and muscle weakness.
A calf strain occurs when the muscles that sit at the back of the lower leg tear. Calf strains usually occur in the middle of the calf muscle, near where the muscle and tendon meet. One or both muscles can tear.
A callus refers to any area of the skin that has become tough, thick, and hard as a result of consistent friction. Typically, calluses are not harmful and can be removed without pain. However, occasionally they may lead to more complicated conditions, such as ulceration or infection.
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve—which runs from the palm of the hand to the forearm through the carpal tunnel—becomes compressed at the wrist, causing tingling, numbness, and pain in the hand before radiating up into the arm.